Year Ended

December 31,

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Computation of Earnings:

Pretax income from continuing operations before   equity income

$

241,182

$

267,320

$

319,541

$

328,684

$

309,392

Add:

Fixed charges

215,488

207,100

207,914

204,523

203,789

Amortization of capitalized interest

496

496

496

496

496

Distributed income of equity investees

22,682

22,743

28,126

31,962

35,985

Less:

Capitalized interest

—

—

—

—

—

TOTAL EARNINGS

$

479,848

$

497,659

$

556,077

$

565,665

$

549,662

Computation of Fixed Charges:

Interest expense

$

119,237

$

108,453

$

107,590

$

102,821

99,721

Capitalized interest

—

—

—

—

—

Amortization of debt issue costs

5,476

5,245

5,151

5,492

97,871

Interest factor on rent expense

90,775

93,402

95,173

96,210

203,789

TOTAL FIXED CHARGES

$

215,488

$

207,100

$

207,914

$

204,523

$

203,789

RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED   CHARGES ⁽¹⁾

2.23x

2.40x

2.67x

2.77x

2.70x

⁽¹⁾

For the purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of income from continuing operations before taxes plus fixed charges excluding capitalized interest.  Fixed charges consist of interest expense, capitalized interest, amortization of debt issue costs and that portion of rental expense which we believe to be representative of the interest factor.